diff --git a/packages/backend/src/GlobalModule.ts b/packages/backend/src/GlobalModule.ts
index 3e9d19f82598d71c9e161aff176d76e062089379..c83845b94c534ae87bce5cb1b0ec20038c15421e 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/GlobalModule.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/GlobalModule.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
  */
 
-import { setTimeout } from 'node:timers/promises';
 import { Global, Inject, Module } from '@nestjs/common';
 import * as Redis from 'ioredis';
 import { DataSource } from 'typeorm';
@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@ import { DI } from './di-symbols.js';
 import { Config, loadConfig } from './config.js';
 import { createPostgresDataSource } from './postgres.js';
 import { RepositoryModule } from './models/RepositoryModule.js';
+import { allSettled } from './misc/promise-tracker.js';
 import type { Provider, OnApplicationShutdown } from '@nestjs/common';
 
 const $config: Provider = {
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ const $meilisearch: Provider = {
 	useFactory: (config: Config) => {
 		if (config.meilisearch) {
 			return new MeiliSearch({
-				host: `${config.meilisearch.ssl ? 'https' : 'http' }://${config.meilisearch.host}:${config.meilisearch.port}`,
+				host: `${config.meilisearch.ssl ? 'https' : 'http'}://${config.meilisearch.host}:${config.meilisearch.port}`,
 				apiKey: config.meilisearch.apiKey,
 			});
 		} else {
@@ -91,17 +91,12 @@ export class GlobalModule implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 		@Inject(DI.redisForPub) private redisForPub: Redis.Redis,
 		@Inject(DI.redisForSub) private redisForSub: Redis.Redis,
 		@Inject(DI.redisForTimelines) private redisForTimelines: Redis.Redis,
-	) {}
+	) { }
 
 	public async dispose(): Promise<void> {
-		if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test') {
-			// XXX:
-			// Shutting down the existing connections causes errors on Jest as
-			// Misskey has asynchronous postgres/redis connections that are not
-			// awaited.
-			// Let's wait for some random time for them to finish.
-			await setTimeout(5000);
-		}
+		// Wait for all potential DB queries
+		await allSettled();
+		// And then disconnect from DB
 		await Promise.all([
 			this.db.destroy(),
 			this.redisClient.disconnect(),
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/NoteCreateService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/NoteCreateService.ts
index ed8d51df16cbbe4917ad39cd29d16228d214902b..97fb80ab394f9c1d39efbe6c37d8b490d2201b01 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/NoteCreateService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/NoteCreateService.ts
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ import { FanoutTimelineService } from '@/core/FanoutTimelineService.js';
 import { UtilityService } from '@/core/UtilityService.js';
 import { UserBlockingService } from '@/core/UserBlockingService.js';
 import { isReply } from '@/misc/is-reply.js';
+import { trackPromise } from '@/misc/promise-tracker.js';
 
 type NotificationType = 'reply' | 'renote' | 'quote' | 'mention';
 
@@ -676,7 +677,7 @@ export class NoteCreateService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 						this.relayService.deliverToRelays(user, noteActivity);
 					}
 
-					dm.execute();
+					trackPromise(dm.execute());
 				})();
 			}
 			//#endregion
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/NoteReadService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/NoteReadService.ts
index 03c1735e04f004ab7fb183fe37a1eb9344d8c962..c73cf765922bcb8a85d4c79366e669d95af08ba4 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/NoteReadService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/NoteReadService.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { IdService } from '@/core/IdService.js';
 import { GlobalEventService } from '@/core/GlobalEventService.js';
 import type { NoteUnreadsRepository, MutingsRepository, NoteThreadMutingsRepository } from '@/models/_.js';
 import { bindThis } from '@/decorators.js';
+import { trackPromise } from '@/misc/promise-tracker.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class NoteReadService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ export class NoteReadService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 
 			// TODO: ↓まとめてクエリしたい
 
-			this.noteUnreadsRepository.countBy({
+			trackPromise(this.noteUnreadsRepository.countBy({
 				userId: userId,
 				isMentioned: true,
 			}).then(mentionsCount => {
@@ -115,9 +116,9 @@ export class NoteReadService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 					// 全て既読になったイベントを発行
 					this.globalEventService.publishMainStream(userId, 'readAllUnreadMentions');
 				}
-			});
+			}));
 
-			this.noteUnreadsRepository.countBy({
+			trackPromise(this.noteUnreadsRepository.countBy({
 				userId: userId,
 				isSpecified: true,
 			}).then(specifiedCount => {
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ export class NoteReadService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 					// 全て既読になったイベントを発行
 					this.globalEventService.publishMainStream(userId, 'readAllUnreadSpecifiedNotes');
 				}
-			});
+			}));
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/NotificationService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/NotificationService.ts
index ad7be83e5b40a7240f9916f7d4f01dfe30b89f31..765fcae0632656a83b178182f135bdc6a5110f69 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/NotificationService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/NotificationService.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import { CacheService } from '@/core/CacheService.js';
 import type { Config } from '@/config.js';
 import { UserListService } from '@/core/UserListService.js';
 import type { FilterUnionByProperty } from '@/types.js';
+import { trackPromise } from '@/misc/promise-tracker.js';
 
 @Injectable()
 export class NotificationService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
@@ -74,7 +75,18 @@ export class NotificationService implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 	}
 
 	@bindThis
-	public async createNotification<T extends MiNotification['type']>(
+	public createNotification<T extends MiNotification['type']>(
+		notifieeId: MiUser['id'],
+		type: T,
+		data: Omit<FilterUnionByProperty<MiNotification, 'type', T>, 'type' | 'id' | 'createdAt' | 'notifierId'>,
+		notifierId?: MiUser['id'] | null,
+	) {
+		trackPromise(
+			this.#createNotificationInternal(notifieeId, type, data, notifierId),
+		);
+	}
+
+	async #createNotificationInternal<T extends MiNotification['type']>(
 		notifieeId: MiUser['id'],
 		type: T,
 		data: Omit<FilterUnionByProperty<MiNotification, 'type', T>, 'type' | 'id' | 'createdAt' | 'notifierId'>,
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/QueueModule.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/QueueModule.ts
index 4444dc978790f9f11763b9e68c28a510abf2ad35..20a53ff2827d487188fe1a0c5d981f44ad091564 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/QueueModule.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/QueueModule.ts
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
  */
 
-import { setTimeout } from 'node:timers/promises';
 import { Inject, Module, OnApplicationShutdown } from '@nestjs/common';
 import * as Bull from 'bullmq';
 import { DI } from '@/di-symbols.js';
 import type { Config } from '@/config.js';
 import { QUEUE, baseQueueOptions } from '@/queue/const.js';
+import { allSettled } from '@/misc/promise-tracker.js';
 import type { Provider } from '@nestjs/common';
 import type { DeliverJobData, InboxJobData, EndedPollNotificationJobData, WebhookDeliverJobData, RelationshipJobData } from '../queue/types.js';
 
@@ -106,14 +106,9 @@ export class QueueModule implements OnApplicationShutdown {
 	) {}
 
 	public async dispose(): Promise<void> {
-		if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test') {
-			// XXX:
-			// Shutting down the existing connections causes errors on Jest as
-			// Misskey has asynchronous postgres/redis connections that are not
-			// awaited.
-			// Let's wait for some random time for them to finish.
-			await setTimeout(5000);
-		}
+		// Wait for all potential queue jobs
+		await allSettled();
+		// And then close all queues
 		await Promise.all([
 			this.systemQueue.close(),
 			this.endedPollNotificationQueue.close(),
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/ReactionService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/ReactionService.ts
index 3ca12551b1db4c52e83562bf83c9344dc1425d65..2e8f76fa8a5d646f018435b86195444f30d9d6fb 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/ReactionService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/ReactionService.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import { UserBlockingService } from '@/core/UserBlockingService.js';
 import { CustomEmojiService } from '@/core/CustomEmojiService.js';
 import { RoleService } from '@/core/RoleService.js';
 import { FeaturedService } from '@/core/FeaturedService.js';
+import { trackPromise } from '@/misc/promise-tracker.js';
 
 const FALLBACK = '❤';
 const PER_NOTE_REACTION_USER_PAIR_CACHE_MAX = 16;
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@ export class ReactionService {
 				}
 			}
 
-			dm.execute();
+			trackPromise(dm.execute());
 		}
 		//#endregion
 	}
@@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ export class ReactionService {
 				dm.addDirectRecipe(reactee as MiRemoteUser);
 			}
 			dm.addFollowersRecipe();
-			dm.execute();
+			trackPromise(dm.execute());
 		}
 		//#endregion
 	}
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApDeliverManagerService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApDeliverManagerService.ts
index 81003bcf1c795f3eb1b7e7e116377052c225f0ad..d7414e9c99622a32f8e7e3d6db2441bf3a8d9bec 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApDeliverManagerService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/activitypub/ApDeliverManagerService.ts
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class DeliverManager {
 		}
 
 		// deliver
-		this.queueService.deliverMany(this.actor, this.activity, inboxes);
+		await this.queueService.deliverMany(this.actor, this.activity, inboxes);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/misc/promise-tracker.ts b/packages/backend/src/misc/promise-tracker.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7166c6de9be522a39df7a3d7c5be2c5586af7d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/backend/src/misc/promise-tracker.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: syuilo and other misskey contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
+ */
+
+const promiseRefs: Set<WeakRef<Promise<unknown>>> = new Set();
+
+/**
+ * This tracks promises that other modules decided not to wait for,
+ * and makes sure they are all settled before fully closing down the server.
+ */
+export function trackPromise(promise: Promise<unknown>) {
+	if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'test') {
+		return;
+	}
+	const ref = new WeakRef(promise);
+	promiseRefs.add(ref);
+	promise.finally(() => promiseRefs.delete(ref));
+}
+
+export async function allSettled(): Promise<void> {
+	await Promise.allSettled([...promiseRefs].map(r => r.deref()));
+}
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/notes.ts b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/notes.ts
index 0bf2688b4a7e2c5282e135fa7c3c2946585b7798..7293c2e39bd5321903b81dfe67aee71148b4295f 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/notes.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/antennas/notes.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { NoteEntityService } from '@/core/entities/NoteEntityService.js';
 import { IdService } from '@/core/IdService.js';
 import { FanoutTimelineService } from '@/core/FanoutTimelineService.js';
 import { GlobalEventService } from '@/core/GlobalEventService.js';
+import { trackPromise } from '@/misc/promise-tracker.js';
 import { ApiError } from '../../error.js';
 
 export const meta = {
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ export default class extends Endpoint<typeof meta, typeof paramDef> { // eslint-
 
 			antenna.isActive = true;
 			antenna.lastUsedAt = new Date();
-			this.antennasRepository.update(antenna.id, antenna);
+			trackPromise(this.antennasRepository.update(antenna.id, antenna));
 
 			if (needPublishEvent) {
 				this.globalEventService.publishInternalEvent('antennaUpdated', antenna);